INTRODUCTION
A. Background
More than half (104.6 million people) of the total population of Indonesia (208.2 million) were women. However, the quality of life for women lag far behind men. Still very few women who have access and opportunities to participate optimally in the development process. No wonder the number of women who enjoy the fruits of development are more limited than men. This is evident from the falling value of the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) of 0.651 or Indonesia ranked 88 (HDR 1998) to be 0.664 or ranking to 90 (HDR 2000) (GOI & UNICEF, 2000).
GDI measures the life expectancy, literacy rates, school enrollment, and gross income per capita (Gross Domestic Product / GDP) in real per capita between men and women. In education, there are differences in access and opportunities between men and women of educational opportunities. According Susenas 1999, the number of women aged 10 years and over who are illiterate (14.1%) than men the same age (6.3%) (GOI & UNICEF, 2000).
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) according to the demographic health survey of Indonesia (IDHS) 1994 is still quite high at 390 per 100,000 births (GOI & UNICEF, 2000). Largest cause of maternal death (58.1%) were bleeding and eclampsia. Both because it can be prevented by prenatal care (antenatal care / ANC) is adequate. Although the proportion of women aged 15-49 years who did the ANC has reached at least 1 time more than 80%, but according to the Demographic and Health Survey 1994, only 43.2% of birth attended by skilled health. Deliveries by health personnel according to Demographic and Health Survey 1997, is still very low, in which 54% of deliveries are assisted by traditional birth attendants (GOI & UNICEF, 2000).
But not all pregnancies are expected presence. Each year, from 175 million pregnancies that occur in the world there are about 75 million women who experience unwanted pregnancy (Sadik 1997). Many things that cause
a woman does not want her pregnancy, such as rape, pregnancy is already come when not expected, the fetus in the womb suffer from severe disability, pregnancy out of wedlock, failing KB, and so forth. When a woman has an unwanted pregnancy (KTD), taken between the way out is to perform an abortion attempt, either by themselves or with the help of others. Many of them who decided to terminate her pregnancy by seeking the help that is not secure so that they are having serious complications or death are handled by people who are incompetent or with equipment that does not meet the standards
The decision to have an abortion is not an easy choice. Many women have to fight against the feelings and beliefs about the value of a potential human life it contains, before finally taking a decision. Not to mention the moral judgment of the people around him when to act is known. Only people who are capable of empathy that can sense what a woman is in a difficult position and suffer when we have decided to terminate her pregnancy.
Abortion is often interpreted as infanticide, although clearly the World Health Organization (WHO) defines abortion as the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb or less than 22 weeks (WHO 2000). With the development of medical technology is so fast, real women do not have to experience pain was much less deaths due to abortion can be held very securely by using a very simple technology. Even be said that abortion by a qualified professional who meets the standards in place, the safe level is 10 times larger than when continuing the pregnancy until delivery.
Unfortunately, many women in Indonesia are not able to enjoy the advances of medical technology. Those who have no other choice, forced to switch to energy insecurity that led to their risk of morbidity and mortality. The creation of this condition is mainly caused by operation of law in Indonesia is still not in favor of women by prohibiting these acts to be done except to save mother and baby. As a result, many professionals are not willing to provide this service; although there are, are often given a very high cost because of the large consequences to be borne, if known by the authorities. Estimated number of abortions in Indonesia each year are quite varied. Hull, Sarwono and Widyantoro (1993) estimates that between 750,000 to 1,000,000, or 18 abortions per 100 pregnancies. Saifuddin (1979 in the Pradono et al 2001) estimates that about 2.3 million. While a recent study conducted by the Center for Health Research University of Indonesia estimated the incidence of abortions in Indonesia each year for 2 million (Utomo et al 2001).
Being a teenager means arduous process that requires undergoing a lot of adjustment and cause anxiety. Surge in growth and physical maturation of the reproductive organs is one of the major problems they face. Strong sexual feelings could not be experienced by every teenager even though the levels are different from one another. So is the ability to control it.
In Indonesia is currently 62 million young people are growing in the country. That is, one in five people of Indonesia are in the adolescent age range. They are the future and the future generation will be parents for the next generation. Of course, one can imagine, how much influence any action at this time they do later in life when he becomes an adult and further to the nation in the future.
When they have struggled to recognize the sides of the self-experienced physical changes of puberty due to the social-psychological, the community is working hard to hide everything about sex, leaving millions of teenagers with question marks passing in their heads.
The view that sex is taboo, which has so long embedded, making teens reluctant to discuss reproductive health with others. Even more alarming, they should feel most comfortable not having to discuss sexuality with their own family members!
No availability information is accurate and "right" about adolescent reproductive health guerrilla force seeking access and explore their own. Flow of communication and information flowing offers a challenging adventure. Magazines, books, and pornographic films that expose the pleasure of sex without teaching responsibilities to be carried and the risks that must be faced, their main reference. They also burned the "lessons" of sex from the internet, although this time the activity of new porn sites around 2-3%, and has appeared protective sites of pornography. The result, teenagers are a few generations ago are still shy now started having sex at an early age, 13-15 years old!
The results in some areas indicate that pre-marital sex has not been too much done. In East Java, Central Java, West Java and Lampung: 0.4 - 5% in Surabaya: 2.3% in West Java: 1.3% of urban and rural 1.4%. In Bali: urban 4.4.% And 0% rural. But several other studies found a much more fantastic, Indonesia 21-30% of adolescents in big cities such as Bandung, Jakarta, Yogyakarta had engaged in premarital sex.
Based on the results of Annisa Foundation study in 2006 involving high school students in Cianjur revealed 42.3 percent of students had had sex the first time attending school. Some of the students said, she had sex on the basis of love and without coercion.
Fear of punishment from the public and especially not allowed unmarried young women receive family planning services to force them to have an abortion, which is largely conducted in secret without regard to medical standards. Data World Health Organization estimates 15-50 percent of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortions. Even the World Health Organization noted that every year 700 thousand cases of abortion occur in adolescents or 30 percent of the total 2 million cases in which large skillful performed by a shaman.
A. Purpose
- To know and understand about the abortions that occur in adolescents
- To know the description of cases of abortion in adolescents
CHAPTER II
REVIEW REFERENCES
A. Definition of Abortion
Abortion is the act of termination of pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb (before 20 weeks gestational age), not merely to save the lives of pregnant women in emergency situations but also because the mother did not want the pregnancy.
Among medical experts recognized two types of abortion (miscarriage) the spontaneous abortion and artificial abortion. SAB is a natural mechanism that causes the cessation of the pregnancy before the age of 28 weeks. The cause may be due to the illness of the mother or other causes which are generally gerhubungan with abnormalities in the reproductive system.
As with the artificial abortion, abortion in this species is a deliberate attempt to stop the pregnancy before the age of 28 weeks, in which the fetus (the conceptus) issued can not survive in the outside world.
Artificial abortion, if viewed from the aspect of law can be classified into two categories namely:
A. Artificial Abortion Legal
Which abortions are performed according to the terms and in ways that are justified by the law. Popular also called provocatus therapcutius abortion, because the very basic reason for doing so is to save life / heal the mother.
2. Made Illegal Abortion
That is the goal abortions other than to save / heal the mother, carried out by staff who are incompetent and not qualified and in ways that are justified by the law.
This type of abortion is often also called abortus provocatus criminalis, because it contains elements of criminal or crime.
B. Aspects of the Law (Penal Code and Health Act)
In the state of Indonesia, where the Book of the Criminal Justice Act (Penal Code) an intentional act of abortion is classified into the crimes against life (Article XIX Chapter 346 s / d 349). But the law No. 23 of 1992 on health in Article 15 stated that in an emergency in an attempt to save the lives of pregnant women or the fetus, can do certain medical procedures.
Chapter XIX of the Criminal Code Article 346 s / d 349 is expressed as follows:
Article 346: "A woman who deliberately abort or kill abortion or get someone else to it, shall be punished by imprisonment of four years".
Article 347: (1) Any person who willfully abort or shut the womb of a woman without consent, punishable by imprisonment of twelve years.
(2) If the act resulted in the death of the woman shall be punishable with imprisonment of fifteen years.
Article 348: (1) Any person who knowingly uses or shut off a woman's womb with his consent, shall be punished by imprisonment of five years and six months.
(2) If the act resulted in the death of the woman shall be punishable with imprisonment of seven years.
Article 349: "If a doctor, midwife or interpreter drug helps commit a crime under article 346, or help make one of the crimes in Articles 347 and 348, then the offenses listed in that article can dditambah the third and inalienable right to execute living in where the crime occurred. "
Formulation of the articles mentioned above can be concluded that:
A. A pregnant woman who intentionally perform abortions or she told someone else, carries a penalty of four years in prison.
2. A person who deliberately commits abortion to pregnant women, with pregnant women without such consent, punishable by imprisonment of 12 years, and if the expectant mother is dead, threatened with 15 years in prison.
3. If with the consent of pregnant women, it carries a penalty of 5.5 years in prison and if the mother dies hamilnya punishable by 7 years imprisonment.
4. If the conduct or assist in abortions is a doctor, midwife or interpreter medicine (health) plus a third penalty and the right to practice be revoked.
Article 15 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) shall be punished with imprisonment of 15 (fifteen) years and a maximum fine of Rp. 500 million (five hundred million rupiah).
In the explanation of the Law No.23 of 1992 Section 15 dinyataka as follows:
Paragraph (1): "The action in the form of medical abortion for any reason, are prohibited because they conflict with the legal norms, religious norms, moral norms and the norms of decency".
But in an emergency in an attempt to save the lives of the mother or the fetus may be taken of certain medical procedures.
Subsection (2)
Item a: a medical indication is a condition that actually require specific medical action is taken, sebbab without specific medical treatment, the mother and fetus in danger of death.
Item b: The health worker who can perform certain medical procedures are workers who have the expertise and authority to do so, that is a doctor of obstetrics and diseases of the womb.
Item c: The right to approve any major in pregnant women is concerned, except in an unconscious or unable to give consent, can be requested from the husband or his family.
Item d: Certain health facilities health facilities have adequate personnel and equipment for such action and has been appointed by the government.
Paragraph (3): The Government Regulation as the implementation of article inidijabarkan among others recognize emergencies in saving lives of pregnant women or her fetus, staff has the expertise and authority kesehaan consent form, the designated health facilities.
C. Unsafe Abortion & MATERNAL DEATH
In the world each year an estimated 600,000 women die from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Approximately 13% (78 000) of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion (The Alan Guttmacher Institute 1999). Unsafe abortion is the third cause of maternal mortality in the world (WHO 2000).
Never provided definitive data on the number of abortions in Indonesia due to the absence of legal provisions, so it can not be done recording the data on abortion are not primarily held securely. As a result, unsafe abortion is never listed as the official cause of maternal death, as veiled in bleeding and infection, two categories of causes that led to more than half (55%) of maternal deaths (Gunawan, 2000). Further analysis of data Survey 1995 says abortion is contributing to 11.1% of maternal mortality in Indonesia, or one of nine maternal deaths. The actual figure may be much greater, as suggested by the Directorate General of Public Health's Department of Health is an informal estimate the contribution of abortion to maternal mortality in Indonesia by 50%.
Whereas the government of Indonesia is one of a number of countries have expressed a commitment to the Population Conference Programme of Action (ICPD) in Cairo in 1994 to reduce the risk of maternal death due process of reproduction (pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum). Five years after the ICPD Cairo 1994, it appears that Indonesia did not show significant results or can not budge from the position as the country with the highest maternal mortality rate in Southeast Asia. Comparison with the neighboring countries of Southeast seAsia show that MMR 373 per 100,000 live births 37 times higher than in Singapore (AKI 10), nearly five times Malaysia (AKI 80), and still higher than Vietnam (AKI 160), Thailand ( AKI 200), and the Philippines (AKI 280 per 100,000 live births). Especially if you used the data used UNICEF estimates of maternal mortality rate for Indonesia, which is 650 per 100,000 live births (Population Action International, The Reproductive Risk Index, 2001).
The high maternal mortality rate indicates the low level of welfare of the population and indirectly reflects the failure of governments and communities to reduce the risk of maternal death. Improving the quality of women is one of the requirements of human resource development.
Strategies to reduce the risk of death from unsafe abortion is to reduce the 'demand' women against unsafe abortions. It may be possible if the government is able to provide quality family planning facilities are equipped with counseling. Family planning counseling is intended to guide clients through communication and provision of objective information to make decisions about the use of any contraceptive method that combines aspects of health and wishes of the client, without judgment. For unmarried adolescents, need to be equipped with sex education as early as possible since they start asking about sex. However, be aware that the risk of pregnancy is always there, even if couples use contraception. If access to safe abortion services remain available, it will always be "demand" of women to unsafe abortions.
D. EFFORTS ARE MADE (Made in Efforts to Reduce Illegal Abortion Among Health Workers in)
The doctors and other medical personnel, take the oath of profession and always keep their code of ethics in doing the job. If this is done consistently reduced the incidence of abortion is made illegal will be significantly reduced.
In the Oslo Declaration (1970) about abortion on medical indication, it is mentioned that the moral basis of the physician is imbued with a grain Pronunciation Physician Oath, which reads:
"I will respect human life from the moment of conception: abortion therefore made with medical indications, can only be done with the following conditions":
A. Abortion is only done as a therapeutic act.
2. A decision to terminate the pregnancy, as far as may be approved in writing by two doctors who selected thanks to their professional competence.
3. Procedure ought to be undertaken by a competent physician in the installation that is recognized by a legitimate authority.
4. If the doctor feels that his conscience did not encourage it to seek an abortion, then he wanted to resign and hand over the implementation of the medical act to another competent colleague.
5. In addition to understand and appreciate the professional oaths and codes of ethics, health workers should also improve the understanding of religion. Through an understanding of the true religion, health workers are expected in their profession has always based his actions to his religious beliefs.
CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION
A. Conclusion
A. The process of proving the case Made Illegal Abortion is very difficult and complicated, given the parties to perform such actions are always preceded by trawling (bad) to keep each other.
2. After all the action of abortion is an act that can not be tolerated in terms of both law and religion.
3. For health professionals, especially doctors, midwives and interpreting drug, criminal acts Made Illegal Abortion can be added a third from the penalty.
A. Advice - advice
A. Parents are expected to pay more attention to the conditions / circumstances of children, especially girls, such as limiting the association, and provide early information about abortion, as well as a deeper religious knowledge in the hope that the child does not get stuck in a condition that could possibly happen that way.
2. It's good for government, communities, schools and parents to provide input (supplement) specifically to young women, so that the mindset of the negative directions can be avoided since the early
3. Should health workers in order to always maintain professional oaths and codes of ethics in doing the work, thus reducing the incidence of Made Illegal Abortion can be reduced.
REFERENCES
A. GOI & UNICEF. Follow-up report of the National Summit on Children (Draft). December 2000.
2. Mochtar, Rustam, 1987, Synopsis of Obstetrics, Issue 2, Valentino Group, Medan
3. WHO-SEARO. Regional Health Report 1998: Focus on Women. New Delhi: WHO-SEARO, 1998
4. WHO. Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems. A Draft 4 September 2002.
5. Zumrotin K. Susilo and Herna Lestari. Presented at the Scientific Meeting Fertility Reproductive Endocrinology, Hotel Savoy Homann Bidakara London, October 6, 2002. Article.
6. Syafruddin. Provocatus Abortion and the Law. USU-Library. , 2003.
A. Background
More than half (104.6 million people) of the total population of Indonesia (208.2 million) were women. However, the quality of life for women lag far behind men. Still very few women who have access and opportunities to participate optimally in the development process. No wonder the number of women who enjoy the fruits of development are more limited than men. This is evident from the falling value of the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) of 0.651 or Indonesia ranked 88 (HDR 1998) to be 0.664 or ranking to 90 (HDR 2000) (GOI & UNICEF, 2000).
GDI measures the life expectancy, literacy rates, school enrollment, and gross income per capita (Gross Domestic Product / GDP) in real per capita between men and women. In education, there are differences in access and opportunities between men and women of educational opportunities. According Susenas 1999, the number of women aged 10 years and over who are illiterate (14.1%) than men the same age (6.3%) (GOI & UNICEF, 2000).
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) according to the demographic health survey of Indonesia (IDHS) 1994 is still quite high at 390 per 100,000 births (GOI & UNICEF, 2000). Largest cause of maternal death (58.1%) were bleeding and eclampsia. Both because it can be prevented by prenatal care (antenatal care / ANC) is adequate. Although the proportion of women aged 15-49 years who did the ANC has reached at least 1 time more than 80%, but according to the Demographic and Health Survey 1994, only 43.2% of birth attended by skilled health. Deliveries by health personnel according to Demographic and Health Survey 1997, is still very low, in which 54% of deliveries are assisted by traditional birth attendants (GOI & UNICEF, 2000).
But not all pregnancies are expected presence. Each year, from 175 million pregnancies that occur in the world there are about 75 million women who experience unwanted pregnancy (Sadik 1997). Many things that cause
a woman does not want her pregnancy, such as rape, pregnancy is already come when not expected, the fetus in the womb suffer from severe disability, pregnancy out of wedlock, failing KB, and so forth. When a woman has an unwanted pregnancy (KTD), taken between the way out is to perform an abortion attempt, either by themselves or with the help of others. Many of them who decided to terminate her pregnancy by seeking the help that is not secure so that they are having serious complications or death are handled by people who are incompetent or with equipment that does not meet the standards
The decision to have an abortion is not an easy choice. Many women have to fight against the feelings and beliefs about the value of a potential human life it contains, before finally taking a decision. Not to mention the moral judgment of the people around him when to act is known. Only people who are capable of empathy that can sense what a woman is in a difficult position and suffer when we have decided to terminate her pregnancy.
Abortion is often interpreted as infanticide, although clearly the World Health Organization (WHO) defines abortion as the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb or less than 22 weeks (WHO 2000). With the development of medical technology is so fast, real women do not have to experience pain was much less deaths due to abortion can be held very securely by using a very simple technology. Even be said that abortion by a qualified professional who meets the standards in place, the safe level is 10 times larger than when continuing the pregnancy until delivery.
Unfortunately, many women in Indonesia are not able to enjoy the advances of medical technology. Those who have no other choice, forced to switch to energy insecurity that led to their risk of morbidity and mortality. The creation of this condition is mainly caused by operation of law in Indonesia is still not in favor of women by prohibiting these acts to be done except to save mother and baby. As a result, many professionals are not willing to provide this service; although there are, are often given a very high cost because of the large consequences to be borne, if known by the authorities. Estimated number of abortions in Indonesia each year are quite varied. Hull, Sarwono and Widyantoro (1993) estimates that between 750,000 to 1,000,000, or 18 abortions per 100 pregnancies. Saifuddin (1979 in the Pradono et al 2001) estimates that about 2.3 million. While a recent study conducted by the Center for Health Research University of Indonesia estimated the incidence of abortions in Indonesia each year for 2 million (Utomo et al 2001).
Being a teenager means arduous process that requires undergoing a lot of adjustment and cause anxiety. Surge in growth and physical maturation of the reproductive organs is one of the major problems they face. Strong sexual feelings could not be experienced by every teenager even though the levels are different from one another. So is the ability to control it.
In Indonesia is currently 62 million young people are growing in the country. That is, one in five people of Indonesia are in the adolescent age range. They are the future and the future generation will be parents for the next generation. Of course, one can imagine, how much influence any action at this time they do later in life when he becomes an adult and further to the nation in the future.
When they have struggled to recognize the sides of the self-experienced physical changes of puberty due to the social-psychological, the community is working hard to hide everything about sex, leaving millions of teenagers with question marks passing in their heads.
The view that sex is taboo, which has so long embedded, making teens reluctant to discuss reproductive health with others. Even more alarming, they should feel most comfortable not having to discuss sexuality with their own family members!
No availability information is accurate and "right" about adolescent reproductive health guerrilla force seeking access and explore their own. Flow of communication and information flowing offers a challenging adventure. Magazines, books, and pornographic films that expose the pleasure of sex without teaching responsibilities to be carried and the risks that must be faced, their main reference. They also burned the "lessons" of sex from the internet, although this time the activity of new porn sites around 2-3%, and has appeared protective sites of pornography. The result, teenagers are a few generations ago are still shy now started having sex at an early age, 13-15 years old!
The results in some areas indicate that pre-marital sex has not been too much done. In East Java, Central Java, West Java and Lampung: 0.4 - 5% in Surabaya: 2.3% in West Java: 1.3% of urban and rural 1.4%. In Bali: urban 4.4.% And 0% rural. But several other studies found a much more fantastic, Indonesia 21-30% of adolescents in big cities such as Bandung, Jakarta, Yogyakarta had engaged in premarital sex.
Based on the results of Annisa Foundation study in 2006 involving high school students in Cianjur revealed 42.3 percent of students had had sex the first time attending school. Some of the students said, she had sex on the basis of love and without coercion.
Fear of punishment from the public and especially not allowed unmarried young women receive family planning services to force them to have an abortion, which is largely conducted in secret without regard to medical standards. Data World Health Organization estimates 15-50 percent of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortions. Even the World Health Organization noted that every year 700 thousand cases of abortion occur in adolescents or 30 percent of the total 2 million cases in which large skillful performed by a shaman.
A. Purpose
- To know and understand about the abortions that occur in adolescents
- To know the description of cases of abortion in adolescents
CHAPTER II
REVIEW REFERENCES
A. Definition of Abortion
Abortion is the act of termination of pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb (before 20 weeks gestational age), not merely to save the lives of pregnant women in emergency situations but also because the mother did not want the pregnancy.
Among medical experts recognized two types of abortion (miscarriage) the spontaneous abortion and artificial abortion. SAB is a natural mechanism that causes the cessation of the pregnancy before the age of 28 weeks. The cause may be due to the illness of the mother or other causes which are generally gerhubungan with abnormalities in the reproductive system.
As with the artificial abortion, abortion in this species is a deliberate attempt to stop the pregnancy before the age of 28 weeks, in which the fetus (the conceptus) issued can not survive in the outside world.
Artificial abortion, if viewed from the aspect of law can be classified into two categories namely:
A. Artificial Abortion Legal
Which abortions are performed according to the terms and in ways that are justified by the law. Popular also called provocatus therapcutius abortion, because the very basic reason for doing so is to save life / heal the mother.
2. Made Illegal Abortion
That is the goal abortions other than to save / heal the mother, carried out by staff who are incompetent and not qualified and in ways that are justified by the law.
This type of abortion is often also called abortus provocatus criminalis, because it contains elements of criminal or crime.
B. Aspects of the Law (Penal Code and Health Act)
In the state of Indonesia, where the Book of the Criminal Justice Act (Penal Code) an intentional act of abortion is classified into the crimes against life (Article XIX Chapter 346 s / d 349). But the law No. 23 of 1992 on health in Article 15 stated that in an emergency in an attempt to save the lives of pregnant women or the fetus, can do certain medical procedures.
Chapter XIX of the Criminal Code Article 346 s / d 349 is expressed as follows:
Article 346: "A woman who deliberately abort or kill abortion or get someone else to it, shall be punished by imprisonment of four years".
Article 347: (1) Any person who willfully abort or shut the womb of a woman without consent, punishable by imprisonment of twelve years.
(2) If the act resulted in the death of the woman shall be punishable with imprisonment of fifteen years.
Article 348: (1) Any person who knowingly uses or shut off a woman's womb with his consent, shall be punished by imprisonment of five years and six months.
(2) If the act resulted in the death of the woman shall be punishable with imprisonment of seven years.
Article 349: "If a doctor, midwife or interpreter drug helps commit a crime under article 346, or help make one of the crimes in Articles 347 and 348, then the offenses listed in that article can dditambah the third and inalienable right to execute living in where the crime occurred. "
Formulation of the articles mentioned above can be concluded that:
A. A pregnant woman who intentionally perform abortions or she told someone else, carries a penalty of four years in prison.
2. A person who deliberately commits abortion to pregnant women, with pregnant women without such consent, punishable by imprisonment of 12 years, and if the expectant mother is dead, threatened with 15 years in prison.
3. If with the consent of pregnant women, it carries a penalty of 5.5 years in prison and if the mother dies hamilnya punishable by 7 years imprisonment.
4. If the conduct or assist in abortions is a doctor, midwife or interpreter medicine (health) plus a third penalty and the right to practice be revoked.
Article 15 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) shall be punished with imprisonment of 15 (fifteen) years and a maximum fine of Rp. 500 million (five hundred million rupiah).
In the explanation of the Law No.23 of 1992 Section 15 dinyataka as follows:
Paragraph (1): "The action in the form of medical abortion for any reason, are prohibited because they conflict with the legal norms, religious norms, moral norms and the norms of decency".
But in an emergency in an attempt to save the lives of the mother or the fetus may be taken of certain medical procedures.
Subsection (2)
Item a: a medical indication is a condition that actually require specific medical action is taken, sebbab without specific medical treatment, the mother and fetus in danger of death.
Item b: The health worker who can perform certain medical procedures are workers who have the expertise and authority to do so, that is a doctor of obstetrics and diseases of the womb.
Item c: The right to approve any major in pregnant women is concerned, except in an unconscious or unable to give consent, can be requested from the husband or his family.
Item d: Certain health facilities health facilities have adequate personnel and equipment for such action and has been appointed by the government.
Paragraph (3): The Government Regulation as the implementation of article inidijabarkan among others recognize emergencies in saving lives of pregnant women or her fetus, staff has the expertise and authority kesehaan consent form, the designated health facilities.
C. Unsafe Abortion & MATERNAL DEATH
In the world each year an estimated 600,000 women die from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Approximately 13% (78 000) of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion (The Alan Guttmacher Institute 1999). Unsafe abortion is the third cause of maternal mortality in the world (WHO 2000).
Never provided definitive data on the number of abortions in Indonesia due to the absence of legal provisions, so it can not be done recording the data on abortion are not primarily held securely. As a result, unsafe abortion is never listed as the official cause of maternal death, as veiled in bleeding and infection, two categories of causes that led to more than half (55%) of maternal deaths (Gunawan, 2000). Further analysis of data Survey 1995 says abortion is contributing to 11.1% of maternal mortality in Indonesia, or one of nine maternal deaths. The actual figure may be much greater, as suggested by the Directorate General of Public Health's Department of Health is an informal estimate the contribution of abortion to maternal mortality in Indonesia by 50%.
Whereas the government of Indonesia is one of a number of countries have expressed a commitment to the Population Conference Programme of Action (ICPD) in Cairo in 1994 to reduce the risk of maternal death due process of reproduction (pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum). Five years after the ICPD Cairo 1994, it appears that Indonesia did not show significant results or can not budge from the position as the country with the highest maternal mortality rate in Southeast Asia. Comparison with the neighboring countries of Southeast seAsia show that MMR 373 per 100,000 live births 37 times higher than in Singapore (AKI 10), nearly five times Malaysia (AKI 80), and still higher than Vietnam (AKI 160), Thailand ( AKI 200), and the Philippines (AKI 280 per 100,000 live births). Especially if you used the data used UNICEF estimates of maternal mortality rate for Indonesia, which is 650 per 100,000 live births (Population Action International, The Reproductive Risk Index, 2001).
The high maternal mortality rate indicates the low level of welfare of the population and indirectly reflects the failure of governments and communities to reduce the risk of maternal death. Improving the quality of women is one of the requirements of human resource development.
Strategies to reduce the risk of death from unsafe abortion is to reduce the 'demand' women against unsafe abortions. It may be possible if the government is able to provide quality family planning facilities are equipped with counseling. Family planning counseling is intended to guide clients through communication and provision of objective information to make decisions about the use of any contraceptive method that combines aspects of health and wishes of the client, without judgment. For unmarried adolescents, need to be equipped with sex education as early as possible since they start asking about sex. However, be aware that the risk of pregnancy is always there, even if couples use contraception. If access to safe abortion services remain available, it will always be "demand" of women to unsafe abortions.
D. EFFORTS ARE MADE (Made in Efforts to Reduce Illegal Abortion Among Health Workers in)
The doctors and other medical personnel, take the oath of profession and always keep their code of ethics in doing the job. If this is done consistently reduced the incidence of abortion is made illegal will be significantly reduced.
In the Oslo Declaration (1970) about abortion on medical indication, it is mentioned that the moral basis of the physician is imbued with a grain Pronunciation Physician Oath, which reads:
"I will respect human life from the moment of conception: abortion therefore made with medical indications, can only be done with the following conditions":
A. Abortion is only done as a therapeutic act.
2. A decision to terminate the pregnancy, as far as may be approved in writing by two doctors who selected thanks to their professional competence.
3. Procedure ought to be undertaken by a competent physician in the installation that is recognized by a legitimate authority.
4. If the doctor feels that his conscience did not encourage it to seek an abortion, then he wanted to resign and hand over the implementation of the medical act to another competent colleague.
5. In addition to understand and appreciate the professional oaths and codes of ethics, health workers should also improve the understanding of religion. Through an understanding of the true religion, health workers are expected in their profession has always based his actions to his religious beliefs.
CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION
A. Conclusion
A. The process of proving the case Made Illegal Abortion is very difficult and complicated, given the parties to perform such actions are always preceded by trawling (bad) to keep each other.
2. After all the action of abortion is an act that can not be tolerated in terms of both law and religion.
3. For health professionals, especially doctors, midwives and interpreting drug, criminal acts Made Illegal Abortion can be added a third from the penalty.
A. Advice - advice
A. Parents are expected to pay more attention to the conditions / circumstances of children, especially girls, such as limiting the association, and provide early information about abortion, as well as a deeper religious knowledge in the hope that the child does not get stuck in a condition that could possibly happen that way.
2. It's good for government, communities, schools and parents to provide input (supplement) specifically to young women, so that the mindset of the negative directions can be avoided since the early
3. Should health workers in order to always maintain professional oaths and codes of ethics in doing the work, thus reducing the incidence of Made Illegal Abortion can be reduced.
REFERENCES
A. GOI & UNICEF. Follow-up report of the National Summit on Children (Draft). December 2000.
2. Mochtar, Rustam, 1987, Synopsis of Obstetrics, Issue 2, Valentino Group, Medan
3. WHO-SEARO. Regional Health Report 1998: Focus on Women. New Delhi: WHO-SEARO, 1998
4. WHO. Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems. A Draft 4 September 2002.
5. Zumrotin K. Susilo and Herna Lestari. Presented at the Scientific Meeting Fertility Reproductive Endocrinology, Hotel Savoy Homann Bidakara London, October 6, 2002. Article.
6. Syafruddin. Provocatus Abortion and the Law. USU-Library. , 2003.
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